Figure 4

Overproduction of CSF in caffeine-treated rats was associated with induction of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF). A. Representative photographs of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, AQP1 and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) immunohistochemistry in the choroid epithelial cells of the control and caffeine-treated rats (n = 4). Scale bar, 100 μm. B. Representative Western blots of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, AQP1 and CAII. C. Analysis of Western blots by image analyzer (LAS 3000, Fujifilm, Japan). α-tubulin was used as a control. D. CBF was increased in the caffeine-treated rats. E. Cerebral perfusion was increased in the caffeine-treated rats. Values are expressed as the percentage of control (n = 10). *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.05 versus control rats