Figure 1From: Control of multi-joint arm movements for the manipulation of touch in keystroke by expert pianistsThe time-history curves of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger joint angles, finger-tip and key's vertical positions (left panel), and their velocities (right panel) at the forte loudness level with pressed (black line) and struck touches (gray line) by one representative pianist. The curves represent the average of 30 keystrokes. The dotted vertical lines indicate the moment of finger-key contact (a), and the moment of the lowest key position, when the key-depression was ended (b).Back to article page