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Figure 1 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 1

From: Control of multi-joint arm movements for the manipulation of touch in keystroke by expert pianists

Figure 1

The time-history curves of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger joint angles, finger-tip and key's vertical positions (left panel), and their velocities (right panel) at the forte loudness level with pressed (black line) and struck touches (gray line) by one representative pianist. The curves represent the average of 30 keystrokes. The dotted vertical lines indicate the moment of finger-key contact (a), and the moment of the lowest key position, when the key-depression was ended (b).

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