From: Control of multi-joint arm movements for the manipulation of touch in keystroke by expert pianists
Pressed | Struck | ANOVA results | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | piano | forte | piano | forte | Touch F(1,6) | Loudness F(1,6) | Touch × Loudness F(1,6) | ||||
Shoulder | |||||||||||
MUSs | 0.60 | (0.41) | 0.47 | (0.35) | 0.79 | (0.34) | 0.80 | (0.27) | 13.27 * | 1.38 | 4.77 |
MUSe | 0.81 | (0.27) | 0.88 | (0.24) | 0.43 | (0.28) | 0.45 | (0.30) | 12.47 * | 2.02 | 0.57 |
MUSw | 0.74 | (0.33) | 0.71 | (0.37) | 0.18 | (0.26) | 0.22 | (0.33) | 9.50 * | 0.12 | 2.91 |
MUSf | 0.09 | (0.15) | 0.11 | (0.17) | 0.24 | (0.37) | 0.41 | (0.37) | 6.05 * | 2.14 | 1.08 |
VEL | 0.81 | (0.33) | 0.81 | (0.33) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 2.40 | N/A | N/A |
REA | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.07 | 4.13 | 0.03 |
Elbow | |||||||||||
MUSs | 0.46 | (0.35) | 0.47 | (0.28) | 0.70 | (0.32) | 0.65 | (0.30) | 7.62 * | 0.49 | 0.02 |
MUSe | 0.80 | (0.32) | 0.79 | (0.32) | 0.71 | (0.30) | 0.61 | (0.28) | 0.74 | 1.77 | 1.82 |
MUSw | 0.03 | (0.06) | 0.04 | (0.09) | 0.07 | (0.13) | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.74 |
MUSf | 0.79 | (0.31) | 0.81 | (0.24) | 0.68 | (0.30) | 0.70 | (0.29) | 1.02 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
VEL | 0.90 | (0.25) | 0.90 | (0.25) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
REA | 0.14 | (0.36) | 0.03 | (0.05) | 0.12 | (0.19) | 0.13 | (0.28) | 0.88 | 2.78 | 0.24 |
Wrist | |||||||||||
MUSs | 0.57 | (0.28) | 0.54 | (0.26) | 0.56 | (0.46) | 0.67 | (0.44) | 0.11 | 0.35 | 1.25 |
MUSe | 0.06 | (0.08) | 0.04 | (0.07) | 0.54 | (0.29) | 0.62 | (0.22) | 57.60 * | 0.22 | 1.17 |
MUSw | 0.88 | (0.25) | 0.89 | (0.25) | 0.90 | (0.16) | 0.90 | (0.10) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
MUSf | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.02 | (0.06) | 1.37 | 1.04 | 1.04 |
VEL | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
REA | 0.81 | (0.33) | 0.81 | (0.32) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 2.43 | 0.38 | 1.87 |
Finger | |||||||||||
MUSs | 0.52 | (0.35) | 0.43 | (0.16) | 0.58 | (0.41) | 0.66 | (0.30) | 1.98 | 0.01 | 1.04 |
MUSe | 0.70 | (0.32) | 0.80 | (0.32) | 0.44 | (0.27) | 0.44 | (0.28) | 4.05 | 1.19 | 2.06 |
MUSw | 0.03 | (0.07) | 0.02 | (0.05) | 0.02 | (0.02) | 0.01 | (0.01) | 0.25 | 1.76 | 0.13 |
MUSf | 1.00 | (0.00) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 1.00 | (0.00) | 0.36 | 0.39 | 1.93 |
VEL | 0.68 | (0.33) | 0.68 | (0.33) | 0.61 | (0.36) | 0.58 | (0.34) | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.26 |
REA | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 1.01 | 0.82 | 0.99 |