| Healthy male | Healthy female | Diabetes male | Diabetes female | p-values (KWa) | Fisher’s methodb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 10) | (n = 10) | (n = 10) | (n = 10) |  | Male/female | Healthy/Diabetes | |
Axonal outgrowth (neurofilaments, mm) | 7.0 (6.8-7.3) | 6.3 (6.1-6.4) | 6.9 (6.7-7.1) | 5.8 (5.1-6.2) | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.02 |
ATF-3 (% of total) SNL | 17.8 (17.6-18.4) | 17.6 (16.7-18.0) | 19.8 (19.1-21.1) | 16.4 (15.7-17.3) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.001 |
ATF-3 (% of total) SND | 19.2 (17.7-19.6) | 19.5 (18.9-20.1) | 18.7 (16.9-20.1) | 15.2 (14.4-15.7) | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.001 |
Cleaved caspase-3 (% of total) SNL | 5.2 (2.6-7.8) | 3.1 (2.9-3.4) | 9.6 (8.7-11.6) | 7.0 (6.4-10.1) | 0.0001 | 0.31 | <0.0001 |
Cleaved caspase-3 (% of total) SND | 2.7 (2.2-4.0) | 2.5 (2.4-2.7) | 6.4 (4.5-7.1) | 5.8 (4.3-6.1) | 0.0001 | 0.39 | <0.0001 |
Total cell number (mm 2 ) SNL | 1137 (1127-1142) | 1050 (1027-1066) | 1073 (1046-1103) | 1089 (1059-1098) | 0.0001 | 0.0007 | 0.0001 |
Total cell number (mm 2 ) SND | 1137 (1122-1152) | 1112 (1068-1147) | 1053 (1019-1091) | 1093 (1045-1102) | 0.0001 | 0.07 | <0.0001 |
Preoperative B-glucose (mmol/l) | 4.6 (4.3-4.9) | 3.90 (3.8-4.3) | 15.0 (13.3-17.2) | 10.3 (9.7-11.7) | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Weight increase (%) | 2.2 (0.7-2.7) | 2.4 (1.3-4.8) | 2.0 (1.2-2.6) | 2.6 (2.0-3.2) | 0.34 | - | - |