Table 4 Efficacy of select estrogens within CEE to sustain the intracellular ATP level following exposure to excitotoxic glutamate in basal forebrain neurons. Neuronal cultures were pretreated with indicated estrogens for 4 days followed by a 5 min exposure to 200 μM glutamate. The culture medium was replaced and cultures were allowed to incubate for an additional 24 hr followed by determination of the intracellular ATP level. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 11 – 14 from 3 experiments). ** P < 0.01 compared to glutamate alone-treated cultures.

From: Select estrogens within the complex formulation of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin^®) are protective against neurodegenerative insults: implications for a composition of estrogen therapy to promote neuronal function and prevent Alzheimer's disease