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Figure 6 | BMC Neuroscience

Figure 6

From: Effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation on expression of growth-associated genes by corticospinal neurons

Figure 6

Expression of ATF3 after LPS application. Coronal sections of motor cortex immunoreacted for ATF3, 3 days (Figs 6a, b, c), 7 days (Fig. 6d) and 2 weeks (Fig. 6e) after LPS application. Fig. 6a shows both the experimental and the medial part of the control cortex (midline at the vertical arrow) and demonstrates ATF3 immunoreactivity directly under the area of the burr hole and in the subcortical white matter on the experimental side. The superficial upregulation is localised, but immunoreactive cells in the white matter extend for 2 mm laterally and 400 μm across the midline. There is no ATF3 immunoreactivity in cortical neurons located in layers III to VI or in the contralateral (control) cortex. Fig. 6b is enlarged from the boxed area of cortex directly under the site of LPS application in Fig. 6a. Note the irregular shape of ATF3-positive nuclei, suggesting possible damage or apoptosis. Fig. 6c is enlarged from the boxed area of white matter in Fig. 6a. ATF3-positive nuclei are seen arranged in a linear fashion, suggesting that they are white matter glial cells. Fig. 6d, 7 days after LPS application shows reduced ATF3 immunoreactivity directly under the LPS application site (top arrow) and in the subcortical white matter (bottom arrow). Fig. 6e shows no ATF3 immunoreactivity 2 weeks after LPS application. The inset is from the immediately serial section, directly beneath the LPS application site and demonstrates CST neurons retrogradely labelled with CTB. No ATF3 immunoreactivity was seen in the area of cortex where the CTB-labelled CST neurons were located. Scale bar in Figs 6a and e = 500 μm; bar in Fig. 6b = 50 μm and also applies to Fig. 6c; bar in Fig. 6d = 200 μm.

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