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Table 3 ANOVA results and mean ±SEM values for vigilance parameters in the summarized first 2 h

From: Chronic escitalopram treatment attenuated the accelerated rapid eye movement sleep transitions after selective rapid eye movement sleep deprivation: a model-based analysis using Markov chains

 

Two-way ANOVA

mean ± SEM

Treatment effect

Rebound effect

Treatment x Rebound

F 1,23

p

F 1,23

p

F 1,24

p

HC-VEH

RD-VEH

HC-SSRI

RD-SSRI

Total time spent in stage

WAKE

0.97

0.3337

2.00

0.1703

0.89

0.3529

2063.0 ± 208.2

2991.0 ± 337.2

2823.0 ± 444.4

3006.0 ± 473.7

NREM sleep

0.0008

0.9772

11.08

0.0029

1.14

0.2963

4325.0 ± 152.8

2921.0 ± 195.7 *

3975.0 ± 430.1

3253.0 ± 367.8

REM sleep

9.18

0.0066

15.85

0.0007

0.10

0.7502

680.8 ± 58.8

1470.0 ± 160.9 *

401.7 ± 69.0

940.6 ± 236.3

 

SLEEP

0.97

0.3335

2.00

0.1706

0.89

0.3527

5136.6 ± 208.2

4209.1 ± 337.2

4376.5 ± 444.8

4193.7 ± 473.7

Number of stage episodes

WAKE

1.45

0.2393

2.03

0.1673

0.08

0.7757

44.5 ± 5.3

39.2 ± 4.5

40.2 ± 3.8

32.4 ± 4.5

NREM sleep

0.96

0.3354

0.08

0.7717

<0.0001

0.9924

71.5 ± 16.5

74.8 ± 9.5

60.7 ± 6.1

63.8 ± 11.2

REM sleep

7.56

0.0117

25.22

<0.0001

0.71

0.4071

11.4 ± 0.7

16.1 ± 0.4

5.0 ± 1.1

13.43 ± 2.0 ##

 

SLEEP

0.63

0.4330

1.71

0.2035

0.26

0.6119

71.5 ± 17.3

53.1 ± 7.5

58.2 ± 6.2

50.2 ± 7.9

Average duration of stage episodes

WAKE

0.75

0.3925

2.84

0.1024

0.15

0.7013

34.6 ± 6.0

64.5 ± 14.8

52.6 ± 12.2

71.4 ± 18.8

NREM sleep

0.08

0.7756

5.74

0.0250

0.65

0.4284

74.27 ± 14.0

43.5 ± 7.1

69.3 ± 11.0

54.0 ± 4.7

REM sleep

0.19

0.6664

13.49

0.0015

0.04

0.8299

41.6 ± 6.8

25.1 ± 4.1

44.8 ± 4.0

26.2 ± 4.2 #

 

SLEEP

0.05

0.8139

0.24

0.6229

0.09

0.7580

88.8 ± 16.4

91.8 ± 18.3

79.9 ± 12.2

93.0 ± 16.91

Sleep fragmentation

0.64

0.4308

1.72

0.2022

0.28

0.5997

71.0 ± 17.4

52.4 ± 7.4

57.5 ± 6.2

49.7 ± 7.8

REM sleep latency

5.05

0.0359

16.53

0.0006

0.10

0.7519

1285.6 ± 171.6

280.0 ± 57.1 *

2755.4 ± 480.7

1187.4 ± 410.7 #

Sleep (SWS-1) latency

0.06

0.7992

0.38

0.5385

2.54

0.1244

820.7 ± 189.5

1321.0 ± 229.3

1122 ± 257.1

903.4 ± 206.9

First REM item

0.30

0.5848

0.15

0.7005

0.50

0.4860

78.4 ± 17.2

102.0 ± 24.5

81.7 ± 20.5

74.8 ± 20.4

  1. Significant effects of two-way ANOVA statistics are highlighted in bold.
  2. * p < 0.05 indicates significant Tukey s post hoc comparisons compared to the HC-VEH group; #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 represent significant Tukey s post hoc comparisons compared to the HC-SSRI group; Data represent mean ± SEM values of 6-7 animals.
  3. Mean values indicate time (seconds) in the cases of total time spent in stages, average duration of stages, REM sleep latency (the time elapsed from the start of sleep until the first occurrence of REM sleep), sleep (SWS-1) latency (the time elapsed between light onset and the first occurrence of SWS-1) and first REM item (the length of the first uninterrupted REM and IS sleep period). Means are numbers in the cases of number of stage episodes (at least 4 sec long) and sleep fragmentation (the sum of the number of AW and PW episodes that disconnected any sleep periods).
  4. Groups: home cage plus chronic vehicle treatment (HC-VEH); home cage plus chronic escitalopram treatment (HC-SSRI); REM sleep deprivation plus chronic vehicle treatment (RD-VEH); REM sleep deprivation plus chronic escitalopram treatment (RD-SSRI).