Table 1 General properties of force production
Force level | 10% | Â | 20% | Â | 40% | Â | 60% | Â | 80% | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Young | Old | Young | Old | Young | Old | Young | Old | Young | Old |
Measure | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
Mean | 10.06 (0.34) | 10.45 (1.64) | 19.78 (0.44) | 19.92 (1.14) | 39.26 (0.80) | 39.33 (1.11) | 58.54 (1.62) | 57.94 (1.81) | 78.05 (2.17) | 76.50 (3.45) |
SD | 0.41 (0.22) | 0.79 (0.40) | 0.47 (0.11) | 0.71 (0.24) | 0.94 (0.25) | 1.22 (0.58) | 1.99 (0.77) | 2.52 (2.49) | 2.82 (0.98) | 3.56 (2.78) |
CV | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.04) |
Index of efficiency | ||||||||||
S-t-N | 28.14 (7.35) | 16.53 (7.36) | 44.53 (11.09) | 30.67 (13.16) | 45.13 (11.42) | 35.71 (14.49) | 34.08 (10.19) | 31.86 (12.17) | 31.09 (10.35) | 28.34 (10.67) |
Frequency analysis | ||||||||||
Slope | −1.02 (0.33) | −0.88 (0.49) | −1.31 (0.35) | −1.05 (0.31) | −1.74 (0.32) | −1.55 (0.28) | −1.92 (0.26) | −1.65 (0.36) | −1.89 (0.32) | −1.85 (0.38) |
Peak power (0–4 Hz) | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.15 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.20) | 0.52 (0.41) | 0.54 (0.27) | 3.00 (3.36) | 9.23 (25.18) | 5.14 (4.83) | 9.35 (11.99) |
Prop power (0–4 Hz) | 0.134 (0.082) | 0.099 (0.049) | 0.130 (0.033) | 0.094 (0.046) | 0.115 (0.025) | 0.109 (0.018) | 0.136 (0.040) | 0.129 (0.058) | 0.130 (0.041) | 0.133 (0.009) |
Peak power (7–15 Hz) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.10) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.08) | 0.19 (0.23) | 0.18 (0.13) |
Prop power (7–15 Hz) | 0.041 (0.038) | 0.039 (0.019) | 0.018 (0.011) | 0.033 (0.022) | 0.007 (0.005) | 0.014 (0.010) | 0.006 (0.006) | 0.009 (0.014) | 0.007 (0.009) | 0.007 (0.009) |
Multiscale complexity analysis (SampEn) | ||||||||||
Area | 70.53 (6.75) | 63.32 (10.43) | 79.18 (7.59) | 74.96 (13.59) | 88.98 (9.94) | 83.42 (10.95) | 88.29 (9.94) | 90.24 (11.65) | 84.10 (16.40) | 85.87 (14.39) |
Area 30-60 | 40.83 (6.24) | 35.98 (7.01) | 46.13 (4.89) | 42.41 (9.89) | 54.08 (7.71) | 48.87 (6.54) | 53.92 (7.08) | 54.68 (8.09) | 51.86 (10.95) | 52.44 (8.22) |
Scale 4 | 1.69 (0.21) | 1.64 (0.29) | 1.45 (0.20) | 1.63 (0.26) | 1.16 (0.21) | 1.34 (0.21) | 1.02 (0.22) | 1.12 (0.29) | 0.97 (0.34) | 1.01 (0.35) |
Scale 10 | 1.38 (0.11) | 1.29 (0.23) | 1.38 (0.17) | 1.42 (0.17) | 1.40 (0.19) | 1.42 (0.18) | 1.37 (0.18) | 1.38 (0.26) | 1.28 (0.31) | 1.30 (0.34) |
Scale 30 | 1.29 (0.17) | 1.16 (0.24) | 1.53 (0.26) | 1.34 (0.19) | 1.65 (0.33) | 1.55 (0.22) | 1.57 (0.28) | 1.65 (0.21) | 1.51 (0.30) | 1.62 (0.33) |