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Fig. 1 | BMC Neuroscience

Fig. 1

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: miR-320a affects spinal cord edema through negatively regulating aquaporin-1 of blood–spinal cord barrier during bimodal stage after ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

Fig. 1

a Spinal water content evaluated by dry-net method after spinal cord IR injury during 60 h post-injury. Maximal difference of water content between Sham and IR group were observed at 12 and 48 h afterwards, suggesting bimodal damage of spinal cord after IR.**P < 0.05 compared to the Sham group in one-way analysis (n = 12 per group). b Ultrastructure of the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) by transmission electron microscopy after spinal cord IR injury. A In Sham group, the structure of BSCB was intact and the lanthanum nitrate was exclusively localized along the regular capillary lumen (L), integrity base membrane (black arrowhead) and clear tight junction (TJ, long black arrow). B At 6 h after IR, IR group showed almost normal BBB structure of BSCB as that of Sham group. C At 12 h after IR, cytotoxic (cellular) edema began to appear with thickened basilar membranes (black arrowhead) but intact endothelial TJ (long black arrow). The capillary lumen became irregular in shape and the vacuoles (yellow arrow) also appeared in the cytoplasm of the astrocytes and capillary endothelial cells. D At 48 h after IR, mixed edema occurred with obvious abnormal structure as breakdown of endothelial TJ and more apparent astrocyte swelling (yellow arrow and circle). L, Capillary lumen. Scale bar 1 mm

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