Fig. 4
From: Col1a1+ perivascular cells in the brain are a source of retinoic acid following stroke
Elevated RA synthesis and signaling in the ischemic hemisphere. Compared to the uninjured hemisphere (A), the number of cells expressing RA synthesizing enzymes Raldh1 (red) and Raldh2 (green) increases dramatically 7 days following 60 min MCAO (B). Carets in A and A' insets mark Raldh1+/Raldh2+ PSCs around vessels in non-ischemic cortex. Arrows in C depict Raldh1+/Raldh2+ PSCs in the lesion. Carets in D indicate CD68+/IB4+ macrophages (green/magenta) express Raldh1 (red) in the lesion core. Graphs depicting quantification of cells expressing Raldh1 (E) and Raldh2 (F) in injured and un-injured hemispheres. Fast LC-MRM3 quantification of RA (G) from left and right hemispheres of uninjured and 60 min MCAO (right hemisphere) animals at 7 days post-injury. A minimum of 3 separate animals were analyzed (n ≥ 3) and error bars represent SEM. Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) from uninjured/non-ischemic hemisphere to ischemic hemisphere. DAPI marks nuclei in blue. Scale bars 20 µm (C), 50 µm (A′–A‴), and 100 μm (A, B, D)