Fig. 2

Effects of conditioning pain modulation and distraction by a cognitive task on pain intensity and evoked potential after painful cutaneous electrical stimulation (PCES) at baseline and during both interventions. a Changes in PCES-induced pain intensity and b amplitudes of the evoked potential after painful cutaneous electrical stimulation (PCES-EP). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. * p = 0.001 for ANOVA with within factors “time” (“at baseline” and “during intervention”) and “intervention” (“conditioned pain modulation” and “distraction by a cognitive task”), indicating significant interaction between “time” and “intervention”