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Table 1 PCES-induced pain ratings and amplitudes of the PCES-evoked potentials as well as effects of the intervention (for pain ratings difference between baseline and during intervention, values < 0 implicate reduction of the pain rating during intervention; for amplitudes ratios between baseline and during intervention, values < 1 implicate reduction of the pain rating during intervention)

From: Distraction by a cognitive task has a higher impact on electrophysiological measures compared with conditioned pain modulation

 

Conditioned pain modulation

Distraction by a cognitive task

PCES-EP amplitude [µV, MW ± SD (range)]

PCES pain [NRS 0–100, MW ± SD (range)]

PCES-EP amplitude [µV, MW ± SD (range)]

PCES pain [NRS 0–100, MW ± SD (range)]

At baseline

27.6 ± 12.0 (8.7 … 57.7)

58.1 ± 4.5 (50 … 72)

30.3 ± 14.2 (18.5 … 84.6)

58.3 ± 4.4 (48 … 66)

During intervention

20.2 ± 9.5 (9.4 …. 50.6)

41.1 ± 12.3 (14 … 60)

13.6 ± 5.2 (6.3 … 26.6)

38.0 ± 13.0 (14….70)

Effect

0.76 ± 0.23 (0.45….1.24)

− 17.1 ± 13.0 (− 47 …. 0)

0.49 ± 0.20 (0.22…0.84)

− 20.3 ± 11.7 (− 44 …. 6)