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Fig. 3 | BMC Neuroscience

Fig. 3

From: Geranylgeranylacetone attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats through the augmentation of HSP 27 phosphorylation: a preliminary study

Fig. 3

Effect of the intracerebroventricular geranylgeranylacetone injection on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and protein carbonyl levels. a glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in group G was significantly higher than that in group D. b The increase in protein carbonyl levels was significantly inhibited by geranylgeranylacetone (GGA). The protein carbonyl levels are used as an indicator of oxidative stress. The columns represent the average of each group. The error bars are standard error of mean. A nonparametric Tukey–Kramer test was performed to compare each experimental mean (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). DS: dimethylsulfoxide injection followed by sham operation group (control); GS: GGA injection followed by sham operation group; D: dimethylsulfoxide injection followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion group; G: GGA injection followed by MCAO and reperfusion group

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