Fig. 4

Effect of the intracerebroventricular geranylgeranylacetone injection on the infarct volume after ischemia–reperfusion injury. a Typical difference in the infarct volumes induced by 24-h reperfusion after 1-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) between the geranylgeranylacetone (GGA)-treated group and the control group. b Box-and-whisker plots of the infarct volumes. GGA administration significantly reduces the infarct volume. The thick horizontal lines divide the boxes at the median value. The lower and upper regions of the boxes represent the first and third quartiles, respectively. Each circle represents the value obtained for an individual sample. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed for comparisons (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide