Table 2 Descriptive statistics of anthropometric measurements of facial measurements among participants with schizophrenia, 1st-degree relatives and healthy controls
Facial anthropometry measurements | N | Mean (cm) | Std. deviation | 95% confidence interval for mean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||
The total facial height | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 17.60 | 1.64 | 17.37 | 17.84 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 18.41 | 1.21 | 18.24 | 18.58 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 18.32 | 1.22 | 18.14 | 18.49 |
Length of the upper facial region | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 11.61 | 1.32 | 11.42 | 11.79 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 12.31 | .86 | 12.19 | 12.44 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 12.41 | 1.39 | 12.21 | 12.61 |
Trichion to glabella | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 3.99 | .81 | 3.87 | 4.10 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 4.12 | 0.52 | 4.04 | 4.19 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 4.36 | 0.8 | 4.26 | 4.47 |
Glabella-subnasale | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 7.68 | 1.27 | 7.50 | 7.86 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 8.28 | 1.18 | 8.11 | 8.45 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 8.29 | 1.13 | 8.13 | 8.46 |
Glabella-stomion | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 9.90 | 1.55 | 9.67 | 10.12 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 10.61 | 1.14 | 10.45 | 10.78 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 10.42 | 1.05 | 10.27 | 10.57 |
Glabella-gnathion | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 13.67 |  |  |  |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 14.31 | 1.54 | 13.45 | 13.89 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 14.14 | 0.99 | 14.17 | 14.45 |
Gnathion-nasion | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 10.79 | 1.0 | 14.0 | 14.28 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 11.39 | 1.43 | 10.59 | 11.0 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 11.27 | 1.18 | 11.22 | 11.56 |
The lower facial region | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 6.06 | 1.11 | 11.11 | 11.43 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 6.064 | 1.1 | 5.90 | 6.21 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 6.10 | 0.84 | 5.94 | 6.18 |
Tragus to subnasale (middle facial depth) | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 12.41 | 1.13 | 5.94 | 6.26 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 12.5 | 0.88 | 12.29 | 12.54 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 12.61 | 0.7 | 12.4 | 12.60 |
Tragus to gnathion (lower facial depth) | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 13.61 | 0.7 | 12.51 | 12.71 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 13.67 | 0.81 | 13.50 | 13.73 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 13.97 | 0.75 | 13.56 | 13.78 |
Tragus to trichion (upper facial depth) | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 13.67 | 0.69 | 13.87 | 14.07 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 13.85 | 1 | 13.53 | 13.81 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 14.15 | 0.76 | 13.74 | 13.96 |
Intercanthal distance | |||||
 Schizophrenic | 190 | 3.042 | 0.98 | 14.01 | 14.29 |
 1st degree relatives | 190 | 3.122 | 0.36 | 2.99 | 3.09 |
 Healthy control | 190 | 3.074 | 0.26 | 3.09 | 3.16 |