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Neurobiology of disease

Section edited by Karsten Ruscher

This section covers the neurobiological aspects of diseases that can affect the brain. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative pathophysiology, neurogenesis and experimental brain research. Diseases range across neurodegeneration, demyelinating conditions, addiction, psychiatric conditions, stroke and spinal cord conditions.

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  1. Polynitroxylated PEGylated hemoglobin (PNPH, aka SanFlow) possesses superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic activities that may directly protect the brain from oxidative stress. Stabilization of PNPH with bound ...

    Authors: Soichiro Seno, Jun Wang, Suyi Cao, Manda Saraswati, Sharon Park, Jan Simoni, Li Ma, Bohdan Soltys, Carleton J. C. Hsia, Raymond C. Koehler and Courtney L. Robertson

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2020 21:22

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Patients positive for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibodies have attracted increasing attention. Their clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous and can be comorbid with tumors. Current...

    Authors: Tao-Ran Li, Yu-Di Zhang, Qun Wang, Xiao-Qiu Shao, Zhi-Mei Li and Rui-Juan Lv

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2020 21:13

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) comprise the main body (95% in mouse) of the dorsal striatum neurons and represent dopaminoceptive GABAergic neurons. The cAMP (cyclic Adenosine MonoPhosphate)—mediated cascade of e...

    Authors: Vladimir N. Babenko, Anna G. Galyamina, Igor B. Rogozin, Dmitry A. Smagin and Natalia N. Kudryavtseva

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2020 21:12

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a demyelinating disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. It is distinguished from other demyelinating conditions by the presence of AQP4-IgG and serum aquapor...

    Authors: Etedal Ahmed AbuElbasher Ibrahim, Fatima Gammer and Alsadig Gassoum

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2020 21:9

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Synaptic degeneration and accumulation of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) are hallmarks of the Alzheimer diseased brain. Aβ is synaptotoxic and produced by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by...

    Authors: Jolanta L. Lundgren, Lina Vandermeulen, Anna Sandebring-Matton, Saheeb Ahmed, Bengt Winblad, Monica Di Luca, Lars O. Tjernberg, Elena Marcello and Susanne Frykman

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2020 21:6

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Opioids are the most effective drugs commonly prescribed to treat pain. Due to their addictive nature, opioid pain relievers are now second to marijuana, ahead of cocaine with respect to dependence. Ours and o...

    Authors: Ruping Fan, Lisa M. Schrott, Stephen Snelling, John Felty, Derrel Graham, Patrick L. McGauly, Thomas Arnold and Nadejda L. Korneeva

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2020 21:4

    Content type: Research article

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  10. The growing abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants leads to new challenges to human health. A possible addiction mechanism has been proposed by altered functional architecture of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) duri...

    Authors: Yun Wang, Kai-Juan Yan, Chen-Xiao Fan, Xiao-Nian Luo and Yuan Zhou

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:66

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Sodium ion transportation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Amiodarone, a Vaughan-Williams class III antiarrhythmic drug, has been widely used to treat life-threatening...

    Authors: Masakazu Kotoda, Sohei Hishiyama, Tadahiko Ishiyama, Kazuha Mitsui and Takashi Matsukawa

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:62

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by dopaminergic cell loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that leads to reduced striatal dopamine content and resulting motor deficits. Identifying new...

    Authors: Edward J. R. Fletcher, Lawrence D. F. Moon and Susan Duty

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:61

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The aim was to examine the impact of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation on expression of mRNA for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and its ...

    Authors: Jonathan R. Burgos, Britt-Marie Iresjö, Linda Olsson and Ulrika Smedh

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:59

    Content type: Research article

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  14. In animal research, authorities require a classification of anticipated pain levels and a perioperative analgesia protocol prior to approval of the experiments. However, data on this topic is rare and so is th...

    Authors: Irina Staib-Lasarzik, Nadine Nagel, Anne Sebastiani, Eva-Verena Griemert and Serge C. Thal

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:49

    Content type: Research article

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  15. The Pde6brd1 (Rd1) mouse is widely used as a murine model for human retinitis pigmentosa. Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of cone degeneration is important for evaluating potential treatments. In th...

    Authors: Daniel S. Narayan, Jack Ao, John P. M. Wood, Robert J. Casson and Glyn Chidlow

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:46

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Systemic inflammation is an important risk factor for neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants. Premyelinating oligodendrocytes are main building blocks of white matter in preterm infants and vulnerab...

    Authors: Seung Han Shin, Ee-Kyung Kim, Kyung-yup Lee and Han-Suk Kim

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:45

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Distinctive patterns of functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities in neural circuitry has been reported in patients with bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). However, it is unclear that wheth...

    Authors: Chang Liu, Weidan Pu, Guowei Wu, Jie Zhao and Zhimin Xue

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:30

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Mutants which carry mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial ligases MUL1 and PARKIN are convenient Drosophila models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In several studies it has been shown that in Parkinson’s disease...

    Authors: Bartosz Doktór, Milena Damulewicz and Elżbieta Pyza

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:24

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have elevated levels of brain iron, especially in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the iron deposition in the substantia n...

    Authors: Qiqi Chen, Yiting Chen, Yue Zhang, Furu Wang, Hongchang Yu, Caiyuan Zhang, Zhen Jiang and Weifeng Luo

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:23

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Chronic neuropathic pain is often associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment with relevant impact on patients` health related quality of life. To investigate the influence of a pro-...

    Authors: Franziska Karl, Maria B. Nandini Colaço, Annemarie Schulte, Claudia Sommer and Nurcan Üçeyler

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:16

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Knock-in (KI) mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that endogenously overproduce Aβ without non-physiological overexpression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) provide important insights into the pathogeni...

    Authors: Yasufumi Sakakibara, Michiko Sekiya, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C. Saido and Koichi M. Iijima

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:13

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that the pathophysiology of late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) versus early-onset AD has environmental rather than genetic causes, thus revealing potentially novel therape...

    Authors: Zein Al-Atrache, Danielle B. Lopez, Susan T. Hingley and Denah M. Appelt

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:6

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Accurately assessing promising therapeutic interventions for human diseases depends, in part, on the reproducibility of preclinical disease models. With the development of transgenic mice, the rapid adaptation...

    Authors: Peggy Rentsch, Sandy Stayte, Gary P. Morris and Bryce Vissel

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2019 20:5

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) induces chemical hypoxia through activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a multifaceted protein capable of regulating cell growth, ...

    Authors: Mary A. Zimmerman, Christan D. Biggers and P. Andy Li

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:82

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) is a severe consequence of traumatic brain injury. The occurrence of subdural blood increases the lethality of these patients independent of the amount of blood or elevated int...

    Authors: Tobias J. Krämer, Wasim Sakas, Daniel Jussen, Harald Krenzlin, Oliver Kempski and Beat Alessandri

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:81

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Development of anxiety- and depression-like states under chronic social defeat stress in mice has been shown by many experimental studies. In this article, the differentially expressed Slc25* family genes encodin...

    Authors: Vladimir N. Babenko, Dmitry A. Smagin, Anna G. Galyamina, Irina L. Kovalenko and Natalia N. Kudryavtseva

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:79

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The treatment of Parkinson’s disease is often complicated by levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists can alleviate LID in animal models but may be less effective in conditi...

    Authors: Sakari Leino, Samuel Kohtala, Tomi Rantamäki, Sini K. Koski, Saara Rannanpää and Outi Salminen

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:77

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition and remains a prominent public and medical health issue in individuals of all ages. A rapid increase in extracellular glutamate occurs after TBI, leading to ...

    Authors: Wenbo Wu, Siyi Xu, Jialin Wang, Kuiming Zhang, Mingkun Zhang, Yang Cao, Hongqing Ren, Deyou Zheng and Chunlong Zhong

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:75

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Neurological disorders suggest that the excitotoxicity involves a drastic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of these free radicals may also a...

    Authors: Armando Valenzuela Peraza, David Calderón Guzmán, Norma Osnaya Brizuela, Maribel Ortiz Herrera, Hugo Juárez Olguín, Miroslava Lindoro Silva, Belén Juárez Tapia and Gerardo Barragán Mejía

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:71

    Content type: Research article

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  30. The clinical significance of anti-neuronal antibodies in patients with psychiatric disorders, but without encephalitis, remains unknown. In patients admitted to acute psychiatric inpatient care we aimed to ide...

    Authors: Morten B. Schou, Sverre Georg Sæther, Ole Kristian Drange, Karoline Krane-Gartiser, Solveig K. Reitan, Arne E. Vaaler and Daniel Kondziella

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:68

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of disability and chronic pain. In SCI-induced pathology, homeostasis of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolome is lost. Major NO metabolites such as S-nitrosogl...

    Authors: Mushfiquddin Khan, Tajinder S. Dhammu, Inderjit Singh and Avtar K. Singh

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:50

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Current antiepileptic drugs are not able to prevent recurrent seizures in all patients. Orexins are excitatory hypothalamic neuropeptides that their receptors (Orx1R and Orx2R) are found almost in all major re...

    Authors: Saeedeh Asadi, Ali Roohbakhsh, Ali Shamsizadeh, Masoud Fereidoni, Elham Kordijaz and Ali Moghimi

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:49

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the main tick-borne viral infection in Eurasia. Its manifestations range from inapparent infections and fevers with complete recovery to debilitating or fatal encephalitis. Th...

    Authors: Martin Palus, Yahya Sohrabi, Karl W. Broman, Hynek Strnad, Matyáš Šíma, Daniel Růžek, Valeriya Volkova, Martina Slapničková, Jarmila Vojtíšková, Lucie Mrázková, Jiří Salát and Marie Lipoldová

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:39

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important psychological disease that can develop following the physical experience or witnessing of traumatic events. The psychopathological response to traumatic st...

    Authors: Bombi Lee, Insop Shim, Hyejung Lee and Dae-Hyun Hahm

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:38

    Content type: Research article

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  36. High-frequency transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is currently used for the administration of electrical current in denervated muscle to alleviate muscle atrophy and enhance moto...

    Authors: Hong-Lin Su, Chien-Yi Chiang, Zong-Han Lu, Fu-Chou Cheng, Chun-Jung Chen, Meei-Ling Sheu, Jason Sheehan and Hung-Chuan Pan

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:37

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Cholinergic hypothesis has been advanced as an etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) on the basis of the presynaptic deficit found in the diseased brains, and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the treatment o...

    Authors: Yu San Chang, Yu Hsuan Wu, Chin Jen Wang, Shu Hui Tang and Hsiang Lan Chen

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:36

    Content type: Research article

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  38. The progressive neurodegenerative disorder multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by α-synuclein-positive (oligodendro-) glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). A connection between the abnormal accumulat...

    Authors: Lisa Fellner, Edith Buchinger, Dominik Brueck, Regina Irschick, Gregor K. Wenning and Nadia Stefanova

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:32

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Exposure to electromagnetic fields can affect human health, damaging tissues and cell homeostasis. Stress modulates neuronal responses and composition of brain lipids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the...

    Authors: Jesús Martínez-Sámano, Alan Flores-Poblano, Leticia Verdugo-Díaz, Marco Antonio Juárez-Oropeza and Patricia V. Torres-Durán

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:31

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Studies have suggested the supplementation of Zinc and Linoleic acid in the management of neurodegenerative disorders but none has investigated the combined effects. Little is known about the neuroprotective e...

    Authors: Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy, Herbert Izo Ninsiima, Miriela Betancourt Valladares and Constant Anatole Pieme

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:29

    Content type: Research article

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  41. To investigated distinct manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients with neurological complications and the potential risk factors associated with neurological complications in SS, and to produce a dis...

    Authors: Wenjing Ye, Siyan Chen, Xinshi Huang, Wei Qin, Ting Zhang, Xiaofang Zhu, Xiaochun Zhu, Chongxiang Lin and Xiaobing Wang

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:26

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability. Although intense research efforts have provided promising treatment options in animals, most clinical trials in humans have failed and the therapeuti...

    Authors: Edvin Ingberg, Hua Dock, Elvar Theodorsson, Annette Theodorsson and Jakob O. Ström

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:24

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Apoptotic changes after cerebral hemorrhage in brain samples of humans have been found. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK)-18 could be detected in the bloodstream during apoptosis. Higher circulating CCCK-18 l...

    Authors: Leonardo Lorente, María M. Martín, Antonia Pérez-Cejas, Luis Ramos, Mónica Argueso, Jordi Solé-Violán, Juan J. Cáceres, Alejandro Jiménez and Victor García-Marín

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:23

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet there are limited treatments available. Intranasal administration is a novel non-invasive strategy to deliver cell therapy into the brain. Cell...

    Authors: Monica J. Chau, Todd C. Deveau, Xiaohuan Gu, Yo Sup Kim, Yun Xu, Shan Ping Yu and Ling Wei

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:20

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a clinically and histopathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, in which therapy is hindered by the rapid progression of disease and lack of biomarkers. Ma...

    Authors: Menuka Pallebage-Gamarallage, Sean Foxley, Ricarda A. L. Menke, Istvan N. Huszar, Mark Jenkinson, Benjamin C. Tendler, Chaoyue Wang, Saad Jbabdi, Martin R. Turner, Karla L. Miller and Olaf Ansorge

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:11

    Content type: Methodology article

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  46. Labor subjects the fetus to an hypoxic episode and concomitant adrenomodullary catecholamine surge that may provide protection against the hypoxic insult. The beta1-adrenergic agonist dobutamine protects again...

    Authors: Tina Markus, David Ley, Stefan R. Hansson, Tadeusz Wieloch and Karsten Ruscher

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:9

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Neuroinflammation and the presence of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles are key pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a potent anti-amyloid and anti-inflammatory natural polyphenol, c...

    Authors: Panchanan Maiti, Leela Paladugu and Gary L. Dunbar

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:7

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Brain pericytes ensheathe the endothelium and contribute to formation and maintenance of the blood–brain-barrier. Additionally, pericytes are involved in several aspects of the CNS immune response including sc...

    Authors: Justin Rustenhoven, Leon C. Smyth, Deidre Jansson, Patrick Schweder, Miranda Aalderink, Emma L. Scotter, Edward W. Mee, Richard L. M. Faull, Thomas I.-H. Park and Mike Dragunow

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:6

    Content type: Methodology article

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  49. The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has linked ZIKV with microcephaly and other central nervous system pathologies in humans. Astrocytes are among the first cells to respond to ZIKV infection in the brain an...

    Authors: Michal Stefanik, Petra Formanova, Tomas Bily, Marie Vancova, Ludek Eyer, Martin Palus, Jiri Salat, Carla Torres Braconi, Paolo M. de A. Zanotto, Ernest A. Gould and Daniel Ruzek

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:5

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a critical tool for evaluating the levels of mRNA transcribed from genes. Reliable RT-qPCR results largely depend on normaliz...

    Authors: Yingbo Kang, Zhuomin Wu, De Cai and Binger Lu

    Citation: BMC Neuroscience 2018 19:3

    Content type: Research article

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