Fig. 1
Experimental schematics of the dual FUS application with the sonication parameters. a Left panel a rendering of the FUS setup, and right panel its actual implementation on a mannequin head model. The two FUS foci were placed at the targeted SI and SII by image-guidance using optical trackers (‘tracker 1’ and ‘tracker 2’) in reference to the subject head (tracked via ‘helmet tracker’). Each tracker had four infrared-reflective markers for real-time motion detection. FUS transducers were actuated by the sinusoidal electrical signals with impedance matching circuits. Compressible hydrogel was used to couple the FUS transducer to the scalp. b Upper panel illustration of the acoustic parameters. SD sonication duration = 500 ms, ISI inter-stimulation-interval = 7 s, TBD tone-burst-duration = 1 ms, PRF pulse-repetition-frequency = 500 Hz; Incident spatial-peak pulse-average intensity = 35.0 W/cm2 Isppa. Lower panel acoustic intensity mapping of the 210 kHz FUS transducer (longitudinal measurement was taken 10 mm from the exit plane of the transducer). The red dotted lines indicate the FWHM of the intensity profile. c, d Exemplar views of the individual-specific neuroimage-guidance for targeting of ipsilateral SI or SII, respectively. The green crosshairs shown in the projection views (i.e., axial, sagittal, and coronal slices) indicates the sonication target, and the thick green line and yellow line represent the orientation of the sonication path and planned path, respectively, connecting the target (red dot) and entry (green dot) points. In the lower right panel, the four colored dots (without the yellow bar) show the locations of anatomical markers used for the neuroimage-registration with the subject. R and L denote right and left, respectively