Fig. 4

Group ‘around (peri) medulla’ (pME). a Honeybee brain schematic drawing focuses on the ME. AmFoxP neurons are depicted as empty circles which surround the ME in three subsets: a dorsal (gray circle) and a ventral (gray rectangle with rounded corners) subset wrap around the anterior ME, a third subset (outlined in gray) is bordering the ME medially in a thin strip. The black rectangle indicates the localization of panels (c–l). b Confocal image (60 µm confocal stack) of a pupal brain stained with the AmFoxP^42kDa antiserum (white label). The outlined areas refer to the AmFoxP subsets as in a, the ME is indicated with a dashed line. c–l dISH stainings showing AmFoxP transcript (magenta), neurotransmitter transcript (cyan) and DAPI-stained nuclei (blue). Rectangular insets show co-localization of the two probes, resulting in white label. c–f Adjacent cryosections of a newly emerged individual. g Cryosections of an 11 days old individual from the ‘honeycomb’ group. h, i Adjacent cryosections of a 15 days old individual from the ‘unmanipulated’ group. j–l Adjacent cryosections of a 31 days old individual of the ‘incubator’ group. For explanations of pictograms see Table 1, for anatomical abbreviations see Table 5. Scale bar b: 100 µm, as orientation for all other panels