Fig. 1

Learning performance in App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} and App^NL/NL mice during training sessions in the Morris water maze task. a Schematic timeline of the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Mice received visible training for 4 days (4 trials per day) to assess motor and visual capabilities, followed by hidden training for 7 days (4 trials per day) to assess spatial learning ability. Two probe tests were conducted at 1 day after the sixth session (Probe test 1) and at 7 days after the seventh session of the hidden training (Probe test 2) to assess spatial memory performance. b–d In the visible training sessions, App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} and App^NL/NL mice performed equally as well as WT mice. e and f During the hidden training sessions, App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} mice significantly spent more time and travelled a longer distance to reach the submerged platform than WT mice. g App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} mice significantly exhibited lower path efficiency relative to WT mice. h Swimming speed did not differ between App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} and WT mice. e–h Spatial learning ability in App^NL/NL mice was equivalent of that in WT mice. n = 17 WT (B6J), n = 11 App^NL/NL, n  =  16 App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F}